A parallel-hybrid transmission has one or more electrical motor/generator units,
at least one of which moves in an anti-engine-wise direction in certain operational
modes. The motor/generators are coaxially or concentrically arranged with the transmission
input and output shafts via planetary gear sets. Associated clutch closures selectively
couple power to and from the sun gears and planetary carriers of the gear sets
through a complex planetary gear configuration such as a Ravigneaux gear set, for
switching between certain operational modes. The clutch and brake operations selectively
achieve multiple ratio range operations including engine starting under electric
power, high torque acceleration from a standstill, regenerative deceleration (braking),
multiple ratio range operation, load sharing, rotation-matched step-less shifting
and combined or individual continuously variable combustion engine and electric
motor and/or generation modes.