A low-loss integrated optical coupler includes at least three substantially similar
optical couplers, adjacent ones of the optical couplers interconnected via at least
one set of waveguides, each of the sets of waveguides comprising a path-length
difference between the waveguides therein. In one embodiment of the present invention,
the multi-section optical coupler comprises at least two arms and the path-length
differences are adjustable such that signals traversing the at least two arms undergo
a relative phase shift, such that a desired output power splitting ratio for the
multi-section optical coupler is achieved. Alternatively, the optical coupler is
implemented in an inventive optical device that functions at least, as an optical
switch or an optical splitter.
