An image pickup apparatus comprises a substrate; an image pickup element to convert
a converged light flux to electronic signals; an image-taking optical element positioned
so as to converge a light flux from an object onto the image pickup element; a
light shielding member to house the image pickup element and the image-taking optical
element; a controlling device to control an output of the electronic signals and
controlling the image pickup element; and a refracting power-variable optical element.
