Spin valve read element using a permanent magnet to form a pinned layer
   
   

A spin valve read element for use with, for example, magnetic recording media, includes a permanent magnet as one of the multilayers that make up the spin valve. The spin valve may also include a pinned ferromagnetic layer, an antiferromagnetic coupling inducing layer, a reference ferromagnetic layer, an electroconductive layer, and/or a free ferromagnetic layer. Epitaxy breaking layers may also be advantageously positioned within the spin valve. The multilayers of the spin valve may be constructed as a current perpendicular to the plane or a current parallel to the plane type spin valve.

 
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> GIANT MAGNETO-RESISTIVE EFFECT ELEMENT HAVING SMALL LEAKAGE CURRENT, MAGNETO-RESISTIVE EFFECTIVE TYPE HEAD HAVING SMALL-LEAKAGE CURRENT, THIN-FILM MAGNETIC MEMORY HAVING SMALL LEAKAGE CURRENT AND THIN-FILM MAGNETIC SENSOR HAVING SMALL LEAKAGE CURRENT

> Read head having a tunnel junction sensor with a free layer biased by exchange coupling with insulating antiferromagnetic (AFM) layers
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